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1 ἦμαρ
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `day' (Il.; s. below).Dialectal forms: Myc. amor. amorama \/āmōramar\/ `day after day'? Diwijamero perhaps \/dwi(y)āmeron\/ period of two days', Lamberterie, BSL 94 (1999) 264. Dor. Arc. ἆμαρ, - ατος;Compounds: As 2. member e. g. in ἐνν-, ἑξ-, αὑτ-, παν-, προ-ῆμαρ `nine days long' etc. (Hom.); on the type of comp. Leumann Hom. Wörter 100f. (against Wackernagel Glotta 2, 1ff.). As 1. member e. g. ἡμερό-κοιτος `taking his layer by day, sleaping by day' (Hes.); as 2. member e. g. in ἐφ-ήμερος (Pi., IA; - έριος Od.) `living only a day, transient, dayly' with ἐφημερίς, - ία, - εύω, - ευτήριον.Derivatives: ἠμάτιος `daily, at day' (Hom., Hes.). - Lengthened form ἡμέρα, Ion. - ρη, Dor. etc. ἀμέρα, Locr. ἀμάρα `id.' (Il.); on the meaning v. Windekens Philol. Stud. 11-12, 25ff. On τήμερον, μεσημβρία s. v. Derivv. ἡμέριος ( ἁμ-) `living only one day, dayly' (trag.), ἡμερινός `belonging to the day' (IA.; Chantraine Formation 201), ἡμερήσιος (- ίσιος?; s. Debrunner Glotta 13, 169) `lasting one day, belonging to the day, dayly' (IA.; Chantraine 42), ἡμεραῖος `id.' (pap.), ἡμερούσιος adv. `dayly' (pap. IVp; after ἐπιούσιος; Debrunner l. c.). Denomin. verb ἡμερεύω `spend the day', also with prefix, δι-, παν- (IA.); from there ἡμέρευσις `spending the day' (Aq.).Etymology: A cognate to ἦμαρ, which was Ionisized from Aeol. ἆμαρ and from Homer in Dorianising poetry, also taken over in ceremonial prosaic formulae (Arc. ἄματα πάντα), is Arm. awr `day' (IE * āmōr; cf. τέκμαρ: - μωρ); further not in any language group. Lengthened ἡμέρα (Locr. ἀμάρ-α), on which see Chantraine Formation 228, may have its spiritus from ἑσπέρα (Schwyzer 305, Wackernagel Unt. 45 A. 1). On ἦμαρ and ἡμέρη in Homer Debrunner Mus. Helv. 3, 40ff.; on ἦμαρ used as plural Leumann Hom. Wörter 100, who sees in it against Wackernagel, Benveniste a. o. as an innovation. S. μεσημβρίαPage in Frisk: 1,634-635Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἦμαρ
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2 ὁδός 1
ὁδός 1.Grammatical information: f. (on the fem. gender Schwyzer-Debrunner 34).Meaning: `going, road, street, ride, journey, march' (Il.), metaph. `way out, means' (Pi., IA.).Compounds: Many compp., e.g. ὁδο-ποιέω `to open a path, to make one's way' (Att.) with - ποιία f. `road construction' (X.), - ποιός m. `roadworker' (X., Aeschin., Arist.); ὁδοι-πόρος m. `wayfarer, wanderer' (Ω 375, trag., com.) with - πορία, - ίη `journey (on land)' (h. Merc. 85, Hp., Hdt., X.), - πορέω `to cover a distance, to travel, to journey (through)' (ion., trag.); ὁδοι-δόκος m. `bushranger (Plb.; Wackernagel Unt. 26); on the 1 member with retained locatival inlection to avoid a sequence of three shorts Schwyzer 239 a. 452 w. n. 5, Schw.-Debrunner 155. -- As 2. member e.g. in εὔ-οδος `well-roaded' with εὑοδ-ία, - έω, - όω (Att.), also in εἴσ-, ἔξ-, μέθ-, σύν-οδος etc. `entrance etc.' (since κ 90) replacing lacking verbal nouns of εἰσ-ιέναι (*εἴσ-ι-σι-ς: Skt. - i-ti-) etc. (Schwyzer-Debrunner 356 n. 2 w. lit., Porzig Satzinhalte 201).Derivatives: 1. ὅδιος ( ἐν-, παρ-, ἐφ- a.o.) `affiliated with the road' (Il.); 2. τὰ ὁδαῖα n. pl. `goods, in which one trades on the way' (θ 163, ο 445; cf. ὁδάω below); 3. - οδικός a.o. in μεθοδ-ικός `methodical, systematic' (hell.); 4. ὁδωτός `equipped with, passable, doable' (S. OK 495; cf. ὁδόω); 5. ὁδίτης ( παρ- a. o.) m. `traveler, wayfarer' (Il.; extens. Redard 31ff. w. lit.); 6. ὅδισμα n. `road construction' (A. Pers. 71 [lyr.]; as if from *ὁδίζω after τείχισμα a.o.). Denominative verbs: 7. ὁδεύω, very often with prefix, e.g. δι-, ἐξ-, μεθ-, παρ-, συν- (partly from δί-οδος etc.) `to travel by road, to travel, to wander' (since Λ 569) with (-) ὅδευσις (IA.) a.o.; 8. ὁδόω `to show the way, to lead' (Hdt., A., E.); 9. ὁδάω ( ἐξ-) `to sell' (E. Kyk.); ὁδεῖν πωλεῖν H.Etymology: With ὁδός agrees a Slavic word for `course etc.', e.g. OCS chodъ m. ' βάδισμα, δρόμος', Russ. chód `course, progress', which like ὁδός very often occurs with prefix and may have its initial ( ch- for s-) exactly from prefixcompp. ( pri-, u-, per-). These compp. justify also the furher connexion with Indo-Iran. verbs like Skt. ā-sad- `tread on, go on', Av. apa-had- `go away, become weak', so also with the verb for `sit, sit down' in ἕζομαι a.o. (s. v.), IE * sed-, to which as verbal noun, prob. fist with prefix, *sodó-s \> ὁδός, OCS chodъ. -- Details w. lit. in WP. 2, 486, Pok. 887, W.-Hofmann s. 2. cēdō, Vasmer s. chód; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 306 f., Gliederung 170.Page in Frisk: 2,349-350Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὁδός 1
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3 διαμπερές
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `through and through, right through', local and temporal (Il.);Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: From διά and ἀμπείρω ( ἀμπείραντες `having pierced, ' Β 426; διαμπείρω [Q. S.] is new after it for διαπείρω) with root vowel as in δια-περάω, περόνη etc. and after the adj. in - ής (Schwyzer 513). After it synonymous διαμπάξ (A.). - The combination δι(ά)-ἀνά also in διάνδιχα (Hom.), see δίχα; s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 449. Cf. Strömberg Greek Prefix Studies 140f., Luther " Wahrheit" und " Lüge" 154f.Page in Frisk: 1,386Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > διαμπερές
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4 δῖος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `belonging to heaven, godlike' (Il.), also `belonging to Zeus' (trag.); often as month name (Thessaly, Macedonia etc.).Etymology: Old adjective, identical with Skt. div(i)yá- `heavenly', Lat. dīus `godlike', IE *diu(i)i̯o-; s. Ζεύς. The adjective may replace the gen. of the basic word, s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 176ff., also Löfstedt Syntactica 1, 107ff. - Beside masculine *δίϜ-ι̯ος the feminin derivation was δῖα \< *δίϜ-ι̯ᾰ, first in substantival function `daughter of heaven, goddess', e. g. δῖα γυναικῶν `goddess among women'; from there δῖα θεάων etc.; s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 116.Page in Frisk: 1,396-397Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δῖος
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5 δύω 2
δύω 2.Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `enter, go into'Other forms: δύομαι, δύνω, aor. δῦσαι, δύσασθαι, δῦναι, perf. δέδῡκα, aor. pass. δυθῆναι, fut. δύσω, δύσομαι, δῠθήσομαι, unclear ep. preterite δύσετο (Schwyzer 788, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 416f.) trans. ( δύω, δῦσαι, δύσω), mostly with prefix ἀπο-, ἐκ-, ἐν-, κατα-δύω; otherwise intr. ( δύομαι, δύνω) `get into, slip into, put on', often with prefix ἀνα-, ἀπο-, ὑπο- etc. - δύομαι, - δύνω; rarely - δύω (Il.).Compounds: often with nominal first member in compounds, e. g. τρωγλο-δύτης `cave-dweller' (Hdt.) with - δυτικός, - δυτέω, λωπο-δύτης `who goes in foreign clothes, thief (of clothes)' (Att. etc.) with - δυτέω, - δυσίου ( δίκη), - δυσία; vgl. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 225f.Derivatives: δύσις `setting of sun and stars, West' (Hecat.) with δυτικός; often to the prefixed verbs in different meanings ἔκ-, ἔν-, κατά-δυσις etc. δῦμα ( POxy. 6, 929, 8; 15, II-IIIp) = ἔνδυμα `garment' (Va), also ὑπόδυμα. δύτης `diver' (Hdt. 8, 8); in diff. meunings ἐν-, ὑπεν-, ἐκ-δύτης etc. with ἐκδύσια pl. name of a feast in Crete (Ant. Lib.); ἐνδυτήρ `to put on' (S. Tr. 674 of πέπλος) with ἐνδυτήριος (S.), also ὑποδυτήρια pl. (Str. 14, 5, 6; v. l. ὑποδεκτ.). δυσμαί pl. (rarely sg., s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 43) `setting of sun and stars, West' (Ion.-Att.) with δυσμικός (Str.); also δυ-θμαί, - θμή `id.' (Call.; on the suffix Chantr. Form. 148f.). δυτη s. v. δυτῖνος name of a waterbird (Dionys. Av.; as ἰκτῖνος, κορακῖνος etc.). δυτικός `suited to diving, western' (Arist.). - Lengthened verb form: δύπτω (s. v.); δύσγω ἀποδύω H., after μίσγω (Wackernagel KZ 33, 39 = Kl. Schr. 1, 718); cf. also φύσγων (Alc., POxy. 18, 2165; s. Specht KZ 68, 150.Etymology: In the meaning `put on' Sanskrit has (the rare) upā-du- (only gerundive Ved. upādútya-), s. L. v. Schroeder WZKM 13, 297f., Brugmann IF 11, 274. Perh. also in δείελος etc. (s. v.). - On the intransitive nasal present δύνω s. Schwyzer 696, Schwyzer-Debrunner 230. - Cf. also ἁλιβδύω.Page in Frisk: 1,427-428Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δύω 2
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6 δῶρον 1
δῶρον 1.Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `gift, present' (Il.).Compounds: δωρο-δόκος `accepting presents, corruptible' (s. on δέχομαι) beside δωροδοκέω `accept presents, be corruptible' (Ion.-Att.) with δωροδόκημα, δωροδοκία `corruption'.Derivatives: Demin. δωρύφιον (pap.). Denomin. δωρέομαι, δωρέω `give presents' (Il.; on the diathesis Schwyzer-Debrunner 234) with δώρημα `present' (Hdt.) and δωρηματικός (D. H.), δωρητής `well-doer' (Nesos IVa) and δωρητικός (Pl.), δωρητήρ `id.' (AP), δωρητός `prepared to accept presents' (Ι 526), `presented' (S.). - Also δωρύττομαι (Theoc. 7, 43; joking momentary formation; Debrunner IF 2 1, 242f.); also Thess. δούρραντα = δωρήσαντα like hom. φίλατο beside φιλεῖν (Fraenkel Glotta 35, 91f.)? - Beside δῶρον and δωρέομαι with unclear formation δωρεά, older (Attica Va) - ειά, Ion. - εή `gift, present' (Hdt.); from there δωρεακός `official of an estate' (pap. IIIa), δωρεαστικός, - ρετικός `regarding presents' (pap. VIp).Etymology: Old word, identical with Arm. tur, OCS darъ `gift'. With n-suffix Lat. dōnum = Skr. dā́nam. - Further s. δίδωμι.Page in Frisk: 1,430Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δῶρον 1
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7 ἕζομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `sit (down)' (Il.)Other forms: fut. καθεδοῦμαι (Att.), later καθεσθήσομαι (LXX), καθεδήσομαι (D. L.); aor. καθεσθῆναι (Paus.); - other presents ἵζω, ἱζάνω (Schwyzer 700) `make sit, set', with ἵζησα, ἵζηκα (late.), with prefix καθ-ίζω (Il.), Ion. κατ-ίζω, καθ-ιζάνω, Aeol. κατ-ισδάνω `set down, sit down', med. καθ-ίζομαι `sit down', with fut. καθιῶ (D.), καθίσω (hell.), κατίσω (Ion.), καθιξῶ (Dor.), med. καθιζήσομαι (Att.), καθιοῦμαι (LXX), καθίσομαι (NT., Plu.); aor. καθίσ(σ)αι, καθίσ(σ)ασθαι (X., in Hom. wrong for καθέσ(σ)αι, s. below), κατίσαι (Hdt., for κατέσαι), καθίξαι (Dor.), καθιζῆσαι (late.); late perf. κεκάθικα, late aor. ptc. pass. καθιζηθείς. - Beside these present forms and the aorists there is a sigmatic aorist εἷσα `I set', inf. ἕσ(σ)αι, med. εἱσάμην, ἕσ(σ)ασθαι, καθ-εῖσα, καθ-έσ(σ)αι (thus also in Hom. to be read for καθίσ(σ)αι; and also κατέσαι for κατίσαι in Hdt.); here fut. καθέσω (Eup.); see Wackernagel Unt. 63ff.Compounds: With terminative prefix (s. Brunel Aspect verbal 83ff., 257ff.) καθ-έζομαι (Il.) `sit (down)' - Often with prefix: ἀνα-, ἐν-, ἐπι-, παρα-, συν- etc.; also to καθέζομαι, καθίζω which are considered as simplices (s. Schwyzer 656, Schwyzer-Debrunner 429). - ἕδος s-stem (s. εὐρυόδεια s.v.). The verbal nouns are largely independent, s. ἕδρα, ἑδώλια, ἑλλά; also ἔδαφος and ἔδεθλον; ἕσμα `stalk, pedicle' (Arist.) \< * sed-sm-, cf. ὄζος. Cf. also ἱδρύω.Etymology: Both ἕζομαι and ἵζω are IE formations, ἕζομαι a thematic jotpresent *sed-i̯o-(mai), also found in Germ., e. g. ONo. sitia, OS sittian, OHG sizzen ` sitzen', ἵζω a redupl. * si-zd-ō (\< * si-sd-ō) = Lat. sīdō, Umbr. sistu ` sidito', Skt. sī́dati. As the preterite ἑζόμην in Homer is often an aorist, it is perh. a redupl. aorist * se-zd- (cf. Av. opt. ha-zd-yā-t_); it could even be an augmented zero grade * e-zd- (with secondary aspiration). A present is in Homer only ἕζεαι (κ 378). Cf. Schwyzer 652 n. 5 and 716 n. 3, Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 336. - The aorist εἷσα, ἕσ(σ)αι from IE *e-sed-s-m̥ (with sec. aspiration), * sed-sai agrees with Skt. subj. ní... ṣát-s-a-t `er möge sich niederlassen' (RV 10, 53, 1). - Further, e. g. Lat. sedēre, sēdāre, OCS sěděti, s. the etym. dict. - As perfect indicating a present to ( καθ-)ἕζομαι, ( καθ-)ἵζω functions ἧμαι, κάθ-ημαι (s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 258).Page in Frisk: 1,445-446Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕζομαι
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8 εἰ
εἰGrammatical information: pcle (wish, condition, question)Meaning: `if'Other forms: (Ion. Att., Arc.) beside αἰ (Aeol. Dor.), sometimes εἰκ, αἰκ (after οὑ: οὑκ), ἠ (Cypr. Dor.)Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Uncertain. - For interjective origin of αἰ, partly also of εἰ Schwyzer-Debrunner 557 and 683. Also (with Brugmann-Thumb 616) a demonstrative εἰ `then' (cf. εἶ-τα), orig. lokative of the demonstrative *e-, o- (Schwyzer 550). See Schwyzer-Debrunner a. a. O.Page in Frisk: 1,450Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἰ
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9 εἶμι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `go' (perfective-futuric; cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 265).Other forms: Inf. ἰέναι only present in ActiveDerivatives: From the simplex; ἴ-θματα pl. `step, pace' (Ε 778 = h. Ap. 114, of doves), = `feet' (Call. Cer. 58); on form. Schwyzer 492 n. 12, 523); ἰσθμός (s. v.), also ἰταμός, ἴτης (s. v.); cf. οἶτος, οἶμος. - From compounds: εἰσ-ί-θμη `entry' (ζ 264, Opp.; cf. ἴθματα and Porzig Satzinhalte 283); ἐξ-ί-τηλος `perishable' (Ion.-Att.), acc. to H. ἴτηλον τὸ ἔμμονον, καὶ οὑκ ἐξίτηλον (A. Fr. 42; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 119 n. 2); εἰσ-ί-τημα `revenue' (Delos, Delphi); εἰσ-, ἐξ-, κατ-ι-τήριος (D. usw.); δι-, συν-ι-τικός (Arist.). - ἁμαξ-ι-τός s. v., univerbation ἀταρπιτός (s. ἀτραπός). - Iterative ἰτάω in ἰτητέον `eundum est' (Att.) and ἐπανιτακώρ = ἐπανεληλυθώς (Elis); from it εἰσ-ιτητήρια n. pl. `sacrifice at the beginning of a function' (Att.; also εἰσ-ιτήρια, s. above), εἰσ-ιτητός `accessible' (Alkiphr.) and ἰτητικός = ἰταμός (Arist.). - As verbal noun to εἶμι, especially to the compounds, serves ὁδός ( ἄν-οδος etc.), Schwyzer-Debrunner 75, Porzig Satzinhalte 201. S. also φοιτάω.Etymology: Old athematic root present with exact agreeing forms in several languages: εἶ-μι, εἶ (\< *εἶ-hi), εἶ-σι = Skt. é-mi, é-ṣi, é-ti, Lith. ei-mì, ei-sì, eĩ-ti, Hitt. pāi-mi, pāi-ši, pāi-zi (preverb pe-, pa-), Lat. ī-s, i-t (1. pers. eō \< * ei-ō), IE * ei-mi, -si, -ti; 1. plur. ἴ-μεν: Skt. i-más; ipv. ἴ-θι = Skt. i-hí: Hitt. i-t; impf. Hom. ἤϊα = Skt. ā́yam (with analogical -m), IE *ēi-m̥. Iterative ἰτάω = Lat. itāre, MIr. ethaim. Further details Schwyzer 674, etc. Glottogonic idea on the oriin by Kretschmer Glotta 13, 137f. (from interj. ei?). - On the realation between εἶμι - ἔρχομαι - ἦλθον and other verbs of going Bloch Suppl. Verba 22ff.Page in Frisk: 1,462-463Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἶμι
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10 εἰς
Grammatical information: prep., adv.Meaning: `towards' (ep. Il., Ion., Att., Lesb.),Other forms: ep. Ion. also ἐς, \< ἐνς (Cret., Arg.; details in Schwyzer-Debrunner 455f.);Etymology: beside ἐν as ἐξ beside ἐκ and perhaps formed after this opposite (Lit. in Schwyzer-Debrunner l. c.). - From there εἴσ-ω, ἔσ-ω adv. `towards, in' (Il.) with added -ω (cf. ἄνω s. ἀνά) and analogical retention of - σ- (sezt Lasso de la Vega, Emerita 22, 93; Schwyzer 550 n. 7).Page in Frisk: 1,471Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἰς
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11 ἑκών
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `voluntary, deliberately'Other forms: (Cret., Locr. Ϝεκών), ἑκοῦσα (Cyren. IVa ἑκασσα, Cret. Ϝεκαθ\<θ\>α in γεκαθά ἑκοῦσα H.; ἀέκων, Att. ἄ̄κων, ἀέκουσα, ἄ̄κουσα (Dor. ἀέκασσα in \<ἀέ\> κασσα ἄκουσα H.), ἀέκον, ἆκον `unvoluntary, against one's will' (Il.). Cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 252.), ἑκόν;Derivatives: ἑκούσιος "to somebody who wants", i. e. `from free will, voluntary' (Ion. Att.) with ἑκουσιότης (late), ἑκουσιάζομαι `sacrifice voluntarily' with ἑκουσιασμός `vol. sacrifice' (LXX); ἀεκούσιος, ἀκούσιος `unvol., unfree, forced' (Ion. Att.; on ἑκών, ἄκων beside ἑκούσιος, ἀκούσιος Schwyzer-Debrunner 180.); - ἑκοντ-ί, - ήν, - ηδόν `vol.' (postclass.; Schwyzer 623), ἑκοντής m. `volunteer' (Epikt.), as ἐθελοντής, cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 175 Zus. 1; - Denomin. ptc. ἀεκαζόμενος (Od., h. Cer.), (Wackernagel IF 45, 314 n. 2 = Kl. Schr. 2, 1254 n. 2).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1135] *u̯eḱ- `to will, want'Etymology: Old participle (cf. Wackernagel Syntax 1, 283 and 286), identical with Skt. uś-ánt-, f. uś-at-ī́ (: ἑκασσα \< *Ϝεκ-ατ-ι̯ᾰ) except the stemvowel (on spir. asper Schwyzer 227); the Greek full grade from in the lost indicative *Ϝέκ-μι = Hitt. u̯ek-mi, Skt. váś-mi `I want, desire'. - Vgl. ἑκάεργος, ἕνεκα and ἕκητι. The origin of ἕκα- (*u̯eḱnt-?) is not certain.Page in Frisk: 1,479Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἑκών
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12 ἔν
ἔν, ἔνιGrammatical information: adv. and postposition,Meaning: as prep. usually with the dat. (loc.), to indicate the rest at the attained goal; NWGr., El. Arc., Cypr. Thess. Boeot. also with acc. indicating the direction (the other dialects have ἐν + ς, s. εἰς) (Il.).Etymology: Old adverb, OLat. en (\> in), Osc.-Umbr. en, Germ., e. g. Goth. in, Celt., e. g. OIr. in, Balt., e. g. OPr. en, Arm. i etc., IE *en, * eni (like ἔπι, πέρι a. o., with loc. in -i ?), s. W.-Hofmann s. 2. in with more forms. - Details in Schwyzer-Debrunner 454ff.; also Porzig Satzinhalte 151ff. - On ἔνι as copula (certain since V-VIp), from where NGr. εἶναι ( εἶνι, ἔνι etc.) `is, are', Debrunner Mus. Helv. 11, 57ff..Page in Frisk: 1,508-509Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔν
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13 ἔνι (1)
ἔν, ἔνιGrammatical information: adv. and postposition,Meaning: as prep. usually with the dat. (loc.), to indicate the rest at the attained goal; NWGr., El. Arc., Cypr. Thess. Boeot. also with acc. indicating the direction (the other dialects have ἐν + ς, s. εἰς) (Il.).Etymology: Old adverb, OLat. en (\> in), Osc.-Umbr. en, Germ., e. g. Goth. in, Celt., e. g. OIr. in, Balt., e. g. OPr. en, Arm. i etc., IE *en, * eni (like ἔπι, πέρι a. o., with loc. in -i ?), s. W.-Hofmann s. 2. in with more forms. - Details in Schwyzer-Debrunner 454ff.; also Porzig Satzinhalte 151ff. - On ἔνι as copula (certain since V-VIp), from where NGr. εἶναι ( εἶνι, ἔνι etc.) `is, are', Debrunner Mus. Helv. 11, 57ff..Page in Frisk: 1,508-509Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔνι (1)
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14 ἐπιούσιος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: of ἄρτος (Ev. Matt. 6, 11, Ev. Luk. 11, 3), in the Vulg. translated with `quotidianus', is translated as `daily'; also ἐπιουσι[ων ( Sammelb. 5224, 20; economic message), meaning unknown.Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: The most obvious interprettion as ἡ ἐπιοῦσα ( ηΏμέρα) suggests `for the coming day'; but this seems materially improbable. If we start (with Debrunner Glotta 4, 249ff.) from ἐπι την οὖσαν ( ἡμέραν), we get: `for the relevant day'. - See Blass-Debrunner-Frnk, Greek Gramm. of the New Testam. $ 123 and Koerster in Kittel, Theolog.Wörterbuch 2,587-595.Page in Frisk: 1,539-540Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐπιούσιος
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15 εὖτε
Grammatical information: conj.Meaning: temporal conjunction `(as soon) as', rarely causal `because' (Il.; Schwyzer-Debrunner 660 n. 3, Leumann Hom. Wörter 306; on the use in Homer Bolling Lang. 31, 223ff.); also comparative adverb `like', s. ἠΰτε.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Debrunner IF 45, 185ff. suggested it was in origin paratactic exclamative εὖ τε `and rightly!'. For Brugmann ( Grundr.2 2: 2, 731f.) from ἠ or εἰ and *υτε; s. ἠΰτε. Cf. Monteil, Phrase relative 286-290.Page in Frisk: 1,595Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εὖτε
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16 ἴκταρ 1
ἴκταρ 1.Grammatical information: adv., prep. (w. gen., dat.)Meaning: `near, near by' (Hes., Alcm., A.) (w. gen., dat.)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: On the formation cf. ἄφαρ, εἶθαρ a. o. (Schwyzer 630f.), prob. prop. like these a verbal noun in -( τ)αρ. Pott connected Lat. īcō `beat' and explained as "joining"; cf. Skt. ghanám and taḍítas adv. `near' from han- `beat' resp. taḍ- `strike'. Cf. ἴγδις and αἰχμή; further Belardi Doxa 3, 207. - Unclear also as regards the meaning is ὑπερικταίνοντο ( πόδες) ψ 3, after Aristarch = ἄγαν ἐπάλλοντο; usually (s. Debrunner IF 21, 66) connected with ἴκταρ; cf. also Schwyzer-Debrunner 519. A v. l. ὑποακταίνοντο is by H. glossed with ἔτρεμον; see Bechtel Lex. s. ἰκταίνω. - It the variant in H. is reliable, the word is Pre-Greek; the sequence - κτ- is very typical of Pre-Greek; cf. on ἄφαρ.Page in Frisk: 1,718Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴκταρ 1
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17 καινός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `new, newly found, unexpected' (IA.).Compounds: Often as 1st member, e. g. in καινο-τομέω (: καινὰ τέμνειν), prop. expression of mining `cut out a new (type of) stone'', metaphor. `introduce innovations (in the state)' with - τομία, - τόμος (Att.), καινο-ποιέω `introduce innovations, renovate' (S., Plb.) with - ποιΐα, - ποιητής, s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 90f.Derivatives: Ab (NT) with ( ἀνα-)καίνωσις (J., NT). - EN Καινίας, Καίνιος a. o. (Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 229), Καινεύς with Καινεΐδης (Boßhardt Die Nom. astracts καινότης `innovation' (Att.). - Denomin. verbs: 1. καινίζω `innovate' (Trag.), also with prefix, esp. ἀνα- (Isoc., Str., Plu.), ἐγ- (LXX, NT); from there ( ἐγ-)καίνισις, - ισμός (LXX); postverbal ἐγκαίνια pl. `consecration of a temple' (LXX, NT). - 2. καινόω `innovate' (Hdt., Th.), ἀνα-καινόςuf - ευς 128, Debrunner Άντίδωρον 32).Etymology: One compares Av. kainī̆(n)-, Skt. gen. pl. kanī́nām `girls', with the full grade nom. ag. kanyā̀ `girl' (reinterpreted as ā-stem) and the adj. kanī́na- `young' (Wackernagel-Debrunner Ai. Gramm. 3, 112f.; also K. Hoffmann Münch. Stud. 6, 38); primary comp. kánīyas-, kániṣṭha-. Doubtful is however OWelsh cein `beautiful' (Pedersen Vergl. Gramm. 1, 23). - A remote cognate further Lat. recēns `fresh, new, young'; if from re-cen-t-, it belongs as primary t-derivation to a verb `rise freshly, come up, begin' in OIr. cinim `rise', OCS. vъ-, na-čьnǫ, -čęti `begin' (IE. * ken-). More forms in Bq s. v., W.-Hofmann s. recēns, Pok. 563f. - Not with Wackernagel Verm. Beiträge 38f. (= Kl. Schr. 1, 799f.) to καίνυμαι, κέκασμαι from *καιδνός.Page in Frisk: 1,754Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καινός
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18 κλείς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `bar, bolt' (sec. `rowing bench', Leumann Hom. Wörter 209), ` hook, key, collar bone' (Il.).Other forms: κλειδός, κλεῖν (late κλεῖδα), older κλῄς, κλῃδός, κλῃ̃δα (on the notation Schwyzer 201f.), ep. Ion. κληΐς, - ῖδος, - ῖδα, Dor. κλᾱΐς, - ῖδος beside - ίδος (Simon., Pi.; Aeol.?, cf. Schwyzer 465), besides κλᾳξ (Theoc.), κλαικος, - κα (Epid., Mess.)Dialectal forms: Myc.. karawiporo = κλαϜι-φόροςCompounds: Compp., e. g. κλειδ-οῦχος ( κλῃδ-) m. f. `key-holder' (inscr.), κατα-κλείς, - κληΐς `lock, case, quiver' (Att.; from κατα-κλείω);Derivatives: Diminut. κλειδίον (Ar., Arist.); κλειδᾶς m. `lock-smith' (pap., inscr., Empire); late denomin. κλειδόω (Smyrna, pap.) with κλείδωσις (sch.), - ωμα (Suid.). - Old denomin. κλείω, Oldatt. κλῄω, Ion. κληΐω (Hdt.), late κλῄζω ( Hymn. Is., AP), Theoc. κλᾳζω, aor. ep. Ion. κληϊ̃σαι, κληΐσσαι (Od.), Oldatt. κλῃ̃σαι, Att. κλεῖσαι, pass. κληϊσθῆναι, κλῃσθῆναι, κλεισθῆναι (Ion. resp. Att.), κλᾳσθῆναι (Theoc.), fut. κλῄσω (Th.), κλείσω, perf. κέκλῃκα (Ar.), κέκλεικα (hell.), midd. κέκλῃμαι (-ήϊμαι), κέκλειμαι, Dor. κέκλᾳνται (Epich.); after it Dor. aor. ( κλαΐξαι) κλᾳ̃ξαι, pass. κλαιχθείς, fut. κλᾳξῶ (Theoc., Rhod.), backformed present ποτι-κλᾳγω (Heracl.), often with prefix, esp. ἀπο-, κατα-, συν-, `shut, block'. From there κλήϊθρον, κλῃ̃θρον, κλεῖθρον, κλᾳ̃θρον `lock, block' (IA. h. Merc. 146, Dor.) with κλειθρίον (Hero), κλειθρία `key-hole' (Luc.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 54), κλάϊστρον (Pi.), κλεῖστρον (Luc.) `lock', κλῃ̃σις, κλεῖσις (Th., Aen. Tact.), κλεῖσμα, κλεισμός (hell.; also ἀπόκλῃσις etc. from ἀπο-κλείω etc.); verbal adj. κληϊστός, κλῃστός, κλειστός (ep. IA.), κλαικτός ( κλᾳκτός) `what can be locked' (Argiv., Mess.). - On κλεισίον s. κλίνω.Etymology: Ion. Att. κλη(Ϝ)ῑ-δ- and Dor. κλᾱ(Ϝ)ῑ-κ- are dental- resp. velar enlargements of an ῑ-stem, which can still be seen in κληΐω. (Diff. Debrunner Mus. Helv. 3, 45ff.: κληΐω backformation from κληι̃̈̈ (δ)-σαι, from κληϊ̄δ-, cf. κληϊσ-τός). Att. κλεῖν can be easily explained (with Debrunner l. c.; also Schulze Kl. Schr. 419) as analogical to κλείς ( ναῦς: ναῦν a. o.). The ῑ-stem is based on a noun *κλᾱϜ(-ο)- like e. g. κνημί̄-δ- on κνήμη, χειρί̄-δ- on χείρ (Schwyzer 465, Chantraine Formation 346f.). - An exact agreement of the basic word can be found in Lat. clāvus `nail, pin', beside which, with the same meaning as the derived κληΐς, clāvis `key, block'; because of the semantic identity a loan from Greek has been considered, cf. Ernout-Meillet s. v. and (rejecting) W.-Hofmann 1, 230. (But clātrī pl. `lattice-work' from pl. Dor. κλᾳ̃θρα). Further there is a Celtic word, e. g. OIr. clō, pl. clōi `nail' (Lat. LW [loanword]?). Slavic has a few words with an eu-diphthong, IE. *klē̆u-, e. g. OCS a. Russ. ključь `key', SCr. kljȕka `hook, ey, clamp'. - The original meaning of the word was prob. `nail, pin, hook', instruments, of old use for locking doors. - More forms in Pok. 604f., W.-Hofmann s. claudō, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kliū́ti.Page in Frisk: 1,867-868Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλείς
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19 κρύος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `icy cold, frost' (Hes. Op. 494, A. in lyr., Arist., Jul.).Derivatives: κρυόεις `horrible, lugubrious' (Il., Hes., Pi.), `icy-cold' (A. R., AP, Orph.) with analogical - ο- (cf. also Debrunner Άντίδωρον 28); s. also ὀκρυόεις; κρυώδης `id.' (Plu., Poll.); further perh. κρυερός `horrible, lugubrious' (Hom., Hes., Ar. in lyr.), `icy-cold' (Simon., Ar. in lyr.); cf. below. - Beside κρύος there are as independent formations: 1. κρῡμός m. `icy cold, frost, horror' (Ion., trag., hell.) with κρυμώδης `icy-cold' (Hp., Ph., AP), κρυμαλέος `id.' (S. E.; Debrunner IF 23, 22, Chantraine Formation 254), κρυμ-αίνω `make cold' (Hdn.), - ώσσω `be rigid from cold' (Theognost.). -- 2. κρύσταλλος s.v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The wordgroup has cognates in diff. languages. On κρύσταλλος, which is Pre-Greek, s.v. The word is sonnected (Chantraine Formation 247, Schwyzer 484) with Lat. crusta `bark, crust'. However, this is wrong as the Latin word has a quite different meaning: `the hard surface of a body, the rind, shell, crust, bark' which protects it' (Lewis and Short); so it has nothing to do with cold; it is used of flumen, indicating a covering or crust of ice, but this is an incidental use, a metaphor, not the central aspect of the meaning. The word, then, has nothing to do with words for `cold, ice'. (Its etymology with κρύος must therefore be given up; there is no other proposal.) Further one connects Toch. B krost, A kuraś etc. `cold' (Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 155 f.), but the -o- is difficult. One assumed for crusta the zero grade of an s-stem (so this is now wrong or irrelevant); beside it one proposed a full grade of the suffix in IE. *kruu̯-es- (?), Gr. κρύ-ος and in Latv. kruv-es-is `frozen mud'. Now *kruu̯-es- is not an admitted IE formation. It may have been * kruh₁-es-. [Not, with Frisk, to the word for `blood' Lat. cruōr \< * kreuh₂-ōs, Gr. κρέ(Ϝ)ας \< *kreu̯h₂-s-, s. v.] - With κρῡμός agrees Av. xrū-ma- `horrible'; but this word is analysed as * kruh₂-mo- and connected with the group of `blood' (above). One compared κρύος: κρῦμός with θύος: θῡμός, but the implication is not clear. The often assumed basic forms *κρύσ-ος, *κρυσ-μός are improbable (Frisk; does Chantraine accept this?) - κρυερός reminds of Skt. krūrá-, Av. xrūra- `wounded, raw, bloody, horrible', which points to * kruH-ro- (and Lat. crūdus `raw', if from * crūrus). κρυερός may have been rebuilt after the adj. in - ερός, but it can as well be an independent derivation from κρύος; cf. Bloch Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 23 n. 22. It might continue * kruh₁-er- (reconstructed above). Chantraine rejects the connection with `blood', as it would not fit semantically (but I think it fits very well) or formally. - A verbal * kreus- appears in Germanic, e.g. OWNo. *hrjósa, pret. hraus `shiver' with the zero grade verbal noun OHG hroso, -a `ice, crust'. On OIc. hrjósa see De Vries Wb., who denies that it has to do with cold or ice. - [Kluge22 s.v. Kruste derives it from `verkrustetes Blut', which must be wrong, s. above.].Page in Frisk: 2,28-29Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρύος
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20 κῦδος
κῦδος, - εοςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `fame, honour, glory, renown' (Il.; Trümpy Fachausdrücke 196 ff.; also Greindl RhM 89, 220).Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. ἐπι-κυδής `famous' (Il.); very often PN, e.g. Φερε-κύδης, Κυδό-νικος (Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 269f.)Derivatives: Further with regular ι-, ρ-, ν-change: 1. κυδι-άνειρα f. conventional epithet, prop. "with renowned men', `in which partake renowned men' ( μάχη, after it ἀγορά, Il.; Schwyzer 447, 474; Sommer Nominalkomp. 181); with - ι- further κύδιμος `famous' (Hes., h. Merc., Pi.; Schwyzer 494f.). κυδιάω `boast, be proud' (Il., Hes. Sc., h. Cer [only ptc κυδιόων etc.], h. Hom. 30, 13 [ κυδιόωσι], A. R., Q. S. [ κυδιάασκον]), cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 359. - 2. κυδρ-ός `famous' (Il.) with κυδρότερος (Xenoph., B.) beside the primary κύδιστος (Il.; Seiler Steigerungsformen 76), κύδιον (E.); also κυδέστερος (Plb.) and κυδίστατος (Nic. Th. 3, voc. - τε for Il. κύδιστε). Late denomin. κυδρόομαι `boast' (Ael., Polyaen.). - 3. κυδαίνω, aor. κυδῆναι `honour, glorify' (Il.), also κυδάνω `glorify, boast' (Il.; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1,315); cf. also κυδνός = κυδρός (vv. ll. in Hes., IG 14, 2117) with sec. suffix-change. Here also κυδάλιμος = κυδρός (Il.), cross of *κυδαλέος and κύδιμος? (Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 27); κυδήεις, Dor. - άεις (AP, Man., Epid.; late analogical formation, cf. Schwyzer 527, Thieme Studien 71 n. 3); ὑπερ-κύδᾱς ptc., only - αντα(ς) `boasting' (Il.); prob. analogical, s. Schwyzer 526 n. 5, Schwyzer-Debrunner 518 n. 8, Risch 23 n. 189. Also the Demos-name Κυδαντίδαι? (Wackernagel Glotta 14, 54 = Kl. Schr. 2, 862).Etymology: With κῦδος is connected since Bezzenberger BB 27, 145 a Slavic word for `wonder', e.g. OCS, Russ. čúdo, gen. - ese, SCr. čȕdo, with the assumption of an ablaut * keuHdos-: *kuHdos \> *kūdos- (s. Porzig Gliederung 170). The Slavic noun is derived with d-suffix from a verb `learn, understand, hear', e.g. OCS čujǫ, čuti (with which also κοέω, s. v.); so čudo, κῦδος prop. "what was heard" like κλέος from ἔκλυον. Details in Pok. 587f., Vasmer Wb. s. čúdo and čúju, W.-Hofmann s. caveō. (Diff. on κῦδος Persson Beitr. 1, 188 n. 2: as "Ruf" to κῠδάζω). DELG doubts. - (On κυδρός a "gewagte Vermutung" in Wackernagel Berl. Sb. 1918, 411 (= Kl. Schr. 1, 330): to (Iran.) Σύδροι, people in Arachosia (prop. *"the famous one"), from where Skt. śūdrá- `member of the 4th caste'; cf. W.-Debrunner Aind. Gramm. 2: 2, 853 f.; cf. also Thieme KZ 69, 173 f. Mayrhofer refers to KEWA III 364f. and 798.)Page in Frisk: 2,40-41Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κῦδος
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